Components Of .NET Framework (CLR/CTS/CLS/W/PF/LINQ)

 .NET Framework components 

.NET Framework is developed by Microsoft, which can support multiple compatible languages. This framework consists of the following components. They are the building blocks of this framework.

• Common Language Runtime(CLR) 
• NET Framework Class Library 
• Common Type System(CTS) 
• Common Language Specification(CLS) 
• Assemblies 
• Windows Forms 
• ASP.NET 
• ActiveX Data Objects(ADO.NET) 
• Windows Workflow Foundation(WF) 
• Windows Presentation Foundation(WPF) 
• Windows Communication Foundation(WCF)
• Windows CardSpace
• Language Integrated Query (LINQ)
• Parallel Programming

Common Language Runtime (CLR)

.NET framework is platform independent, it can run multiple language codes on various machines and architectures with the help of CLR. Thy provide the common run time that aids in running the intermediate code generated after compiling all languages that are .NET compatible.

Features Of CLR

• Uniform and common runtime for all .NET supported languages.
• Common Type systems, which supports interoperation between languages supported by .NET
• Has built in 
• Memory allocation and garbage collection functionality.
• It Interprets the Common language generated by individual .NET supported language (MSIL).. 
• Security and interoperability of the code with other languages. 

.NET Framework Class Library

• The Class Library is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types. 
• The Class Library is organized in a hierarchy of namespaces. 

1. Traditional command-line applications.
2. Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications. 
3. Applications based on the latest innovations provided by ASP.NET. 

Common Type System

The Common Type Systems ( CTS ) is a mechanism that allows all the .NET supported languages inter operate with each other. The Library written using F# can be used with C# as the CTS supports the interoperation between them.

1. Defines how types are declared, used, and managed in runtime across .NET Framework. 
2. Enables different languages to communicate within each other in .NET framework

Common Language Specification (CLS) 

• The CLS is a set of basic language features needed by many applications. 
• The CLS rules define a subset of the Common Type System. All the rules that apply to the Common Type System apply to the CLS, except where stricter rules are defined in the CLS. 
• The CLS helps to enhance and ensure language interoperability by defining a set of features that the developers can rely on to be available in a wide variety of languages. 
• Components that adhere to the CLS rules and use only the features included in the CLS are said to be CLS-compliant components. 
• Most of the members defined by types in the .NET Framework Class Library are CLS-compliant.

Assemblies

• Assemblies are the building blocks of .NET Framework applications. 
• They form the fundamental unit of deployment, version control, reuse, activation scoping, and security permissions. 
• An assembly is a collection of types and resources that are built to work together and form a logical unit of functionality. 
• They provide the CLR with the information it needs to be aware of type implementations. To the runtime, a type does not exist outside the context of an assembly. 
• An assembly can be Shared or Private:
• A Private Assembly is available only to the application for which it is created. 
•  A Shared Assembly is available to more than one (multiple) applications. Shared Assemblies are stored in the assembly cache (GAC) using the .NET utility Gacutil.exe or Regasm.exe.